MAKING IMPROVISED STRETCHER
USING BLANKLETS AND POLES
USING ROPES
A PPT ON MAKING IMPROVISED STRETCHERS
Posted in FIRST AID, tagged IMPROVISED STRETCHER, STRETCHER on January 28, 2011| Leave a Comment »
MAKING IMPROVISED STRETCHER
USING BLANKLETS AND POLES
USING ROPES
A PPT ON MAKING IMPROVISED STRETCHERS
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged GAS LEAK, PRECAUTIONS GAS LEAK on January 12, 2011| Leave a Comment »
LPG gases are combustible and highly flammable. LPG can burn or explode when it comes in contact with air or a source of ignition. It has the potential to create a disaster. Since LPG is stored under pressure, it can leak from any joint or improperly sealed connection. Awareness or knowledge of safe handling LPG can eliminate the chance of fire or explosion. Following are some useful tips for safe handling of LPG cylinder.
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged FIRE PRECAUTIONS, FIRE SAFETY on January 12, 2011| 1 Comment »
By Michael Kozlowski, eHow Contributor
A large part of scouting is going on camping trips, and there are few things as pleasant during a camping trip as sitting by a fire, telling stories, roasting marshmallows, and enjoying the warmth and glow of the flames. However, to fully enjoy this experience and to ensure that you do not lose control of the fire, you need to observe some basic fire safety rules. By building, tending and extinguishing a fire safely, you can ensure that you are upholding your promise as a scout to treat nature with respect.
Whether in a remote area or within the confines of a scout camp, where fire pits may already be on-site, you need to ensure that the location of the fire is suitable. Remove all burnable debris, twigs and leaves in a 10-foot diameter circle from the spot where you plan to build your fire. This will help to ensure that the fire cannot spread easily. Make certain you do not build the fire in an area with overhanging branches or old stumps nearby. Be sure to have water and a shovel nearby so that you can extinguish the fire quickly if necessary.
Building a Fire
The fire-making process should be supervised by the scout leader. A fire does not have to be large to provide warmth. A good bed of coals and some stones surrounding the fire will produce plenty of heat. Use small twigs and leaves to start the fire and add bigger pieces of wood as the fire grows. Point the largest pieces of wood toward the center of the fire and push them inward as they burn.
Keep any additional wood stacked a safe distance from the fire. Even small gusts of wind can cause a fire to spread. Never run or play around a fire. You must always remember the potential harm that fire can cause and treat it respectfully. Never leave a fire unattended.
Extinguishing the Fire
Use plenty of water to douse the fire. Use a shovel to stir the coals so that you can be certain there are no remaining embers. Mix in dirt with the water and stir the embers some more. Repeat this process until you can safely touch the remnants of the fire with your bare hands. Be sure to clean the area around the campfire and leave the site ready for others to enjoy. Scouts should always remember that the goal is to leave a natural area as if you had never been there.
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged first aid, THROWING A LIFELINE on January 7, 2011| Leave a Comment »
Be able to throw a life line with reasonable accuracy.
All Scout camp and other Scout “swimming holes”, should, like public
swimming pools, be equipped with a life line and lifebuoy, hanging on the pegs
of a conveniently placed post; and Scout
Be Prepared
-ness should includethe ability to throw these.
Life lines usually are of half-inch hemp or manila rope, the length depending
upon the distance concerned.
The Test
.-For this test a rope between 30 and 50 feet in length should beused; and the thrower should place the bowline loop within grasping reach of
the “person in difficulty” four times out of five; any kink spoiling a throw.
The line always should be pliable and free of kinks. To assure this, and
whether kept coiled on a peg or otherwise, the line should regularly be taken
down and thrown a few times, then carefully re-coiled.
Life lines at public swimming pools sometimes have a weighted end, for
throwing. These, however, can be dangerous in the hands of an inexpert rescuer.
It is safer to make a bowline in one end of the line, with the advantage
that this loop can be grasped readily by the person being rescued, and probably
drawn over his head and shoulder, which makes his rescue sure.
Coiling a Life Line
.-It is most important that a life line be properlycoiled. To do this (having first made a bowline), hold the bowline in the left
hand, as the first coil. Now, with a twisting overhand movement (to equalize
kink tendency when thrown), add turn against turn until completed.
Now turn the coil completely around, so that the bowline is in the right
hand, and divide it, holding two thirds in the right hand, the balance in the
left, the end securely gripped, or better yet, tied to a post or tree.
Throwing
.-With a single, long under-arm swing (no whirling about thehead), heave the coil, aiming at a point directly beyond the person in difficulty-
unless there is a current to allow for-at the same time opening the left hand
to allow that portion of the line to run free. (For a left-handed Scout the procedure
would be reversed.)
After Use
.-Dry line before re-coiling.
New Rope
.-A new rope will require stretching. This may be done by tyingit at a “reaching” height between two suitably spaced trees, then hanging on
it. As it stretches it is tightened, until the stretch limit has been reached.
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged ANIMAL BITES, first aid on January 7, 2011| Leave a Comment »
Animal bites
Symptoms
Treatment
Prevention
Read more: Animal bites – First Aid and Emergency Treatment Guide http://www.medindia.net/patients/Firstaid-animalbites.htm#ixzz1AKkajKzc
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged first aid, INSECT BITES, STINGS on January 7, 2011| Leave a Comment »
Causes Examples of biting insects
Examples of stinging insect
Symptoms
Treatment
In case of emergency-
Consult a Doctor In case of the following, seek medical help
Steps to Avoid
Prevention
Take caution to prevent your child from developing biting habit
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged BURNS AND SCALDS, first aid on January 7, 2011| Leave a Comment »
BURNS AND SCALDS
Burns are caused by dry heat, corrosive substances and friction. Scalds are caused by wet heat – hot liquids and vapours. Burns can also be produced by extreme cold, and by radiation, including the sun’s rays. Burns may be related to, or a result of, a more life-threatening situation. Fires may be started accidentally by victims of drug or alcohol overdose. An explosion, or jumping from a burning building, may cause other serious injuries. When burns have been treated, the casualty should be thoroughly examined.
Assessing a Burn
There are a number of factors to consider when assessing the severity of a burn and the method of treatment, including the cause of the burn, whether the airway is involved, the depth of the burn, and its extent.
The extent of the burn will indicate whether shock is likely to develop, as tissue fluid (serum) leaks from the burned area and is replenished by fluids from the circulatory system. The greater the extent of the burn, the more severe the shock will be. The cause of the burn may also signal any other possible complications. Burns also carry a serious risk of infection, which increases according to the size and depth of the burn. The body’s natural barrier, the skin, is destroyed by burning, leaving it exposed to germs.
Depth of Burns
Burns can be categorised as follows:
Superficial burns
These involve only the outer layer of the skin, and are characterised by redness, swelling and tenderness. Typical examples are mild sunburn, or a scald produced by a splash of hot tea or coffee. Superficial burns usually heal well if prompt first aid is given, and do not require medical treatment unless extensive.
Partial-thickness Burns
These damage a ‘partial thickness’ of the skin, and require medical treatment. The skin looks raw, and blisters form. These burns usually heal well, but can be serious, if extensive. In adults, partial-thickness burns affecting more than 50% of the body’s surface can be fatal. This percentage is less in children and the elderly.
Full-thickness Burns
These damage all layers of the skin. Damage may extend beyond the skin to affect nerves, muscle and fat. The skin may look pale, waxy, and sometimes charred. Full-thickness burns of any size always require immediate medical attention, and usually require specialist treatment.
Extent of Burns
The area of a burn gives an approximate indication of the degree of shock that will develop and, in conjunction with depth, can be used as a guide to the required level of treatment. The ‘rules of nine’ is a guide used to calculate the extent of a burn as a percentage of the body’s total surface area, and to assess what level of medical attention is required.
In an otherwise healthy adult:
Severe Burns and Scalds
The priority is to cool the injury; the longer the burning goes unchecked, the more severely the casualty will be injured. Resuscitate the casualty only when cooling is underway. All severe burns carry the danger of shock.
Treatment of Severe Burns and Scalds
DO NOT overcool the casualty; this may dangerously lower the body temperature.
DO NOT remove anything sticking to the burn; this may cause further damage and cause infection.
DO NOT touch or interfere with the injured area.
DO NOT burst blisters.
DO NOT apply lotions, ointment, or fat to the injury.
Burns to the Mouth and Throat
Burns to the face, and burns in the mouth or throat are very dangerous, as they cause rapid swelling and inflammation of the air passages. The swelling will rapidly block the airway, giving rise to a serious risk of suffocation. Immediate and highly specialised medical assistance is required.
Treatment of Burns to the Mouth and Throat
Minor Burns and Scalds
Minor burns and scalds are usually the result of domestic accidents. Prompt first aid will generally enable them to heal naturally and well, but the advice of a medical practitioner should be sought if there is doubt as to the severity of the injury.
Treatment of Minor Burns and Scalds
DO NOT use adhesive dressings.
DO NOT break blisters, or interfere with the injured area.
DO NOT apply lotions, ointments, creams, or fats to the injured area.
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged first aid, SPRAIN on January 7, 2011| Leave a Comment »
Causes
Symptoms
Treatment
Consult a doctor If the following occurs-
Steps To Avoid
Prevention
Do not wear ill-fitting shoes
Posted in 3. DWITIYA SOPAN, FIRST AID, tagged BLEEDING FROM NOSE, first aid on January 7, 2011| Leave a Comment »
BLEEDING FROM NOSE
Overview • A nose bleed occurs when a small vein, along the lining of nose, bursts • Most nosebleeds look scary, but are harmless • Can be treated at home • Common in children/elderly
Causes • Dryness • Nose picking • Blowing nose with force • Use of medications, like aspirin • Introducing objects into nose (mostly children) • Injuries • Allergies • Infections • High BP • Atherosclerosis • Blood-clotting disorders • Use of cocaine Symptoms •
Bleeding from nose • Sometimes bleeding from ears/mouth too Types a. Anterior Nosebleed • Affects lower part of wall that separates nostrils • The wall or septum contains blood vessels • These can be broken by blow to nose/fingernail • The bleeding starts from front of nose • It flows outward when patient is sitting/standing • Occurs during dry season/harsh winter b. Posterior Nosebleed • The bleeding starts deep within the nose • It flows down the back of the mouth & throat • This happens even when the person is sitting/standing • Occurs in old people/those with high BP/injuries • This type of bleeding is severe/ requires medical help
Treatment • If your nose bleeds, • Sit down and lean forward • Using your thumb & index finger, squeeze soft part of nose • This part is between end of nose and the bridge of nose • Continue holding till bleeding stops- • Do not stop in-between • If bleeding continues, hold for another 10 minutes • If the patient is a child, divert attention by TV/Stories • Avoid picking, blowing or rubbing nose for 2 days • Place an ice pack on the bridge of nose Consult a Doctor If, • The bleeding continues for more than 15 minutes • The bleeding is caused by an injury • You get nosebleeds often
Prevention • Keep fingernails short • Quit smoking • Open your mouth while sneezing • Use a humidifier at night in case of dry weather Read more: Nose Bleed – First Aid and Emergency Treatment Guide http://www.medindia.net/patients/Firstaid_NoseBleed.htm#ixzz1AKltfTZX